Book 12 Folio ir | Digital Florentine Codex'

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Sahagún, Bernardino de, Antonio Valeriano, Alonso Vegerano, Martín Jacobita, Pedro de San Buenaventura, Diego de Grado, Bonifacio Maximiliano, Mateo Severino, et al. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Florentine Codex), Ms. Mediceo Palatino 218–20, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, MiBACT, 1577. Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa, bk. 12, fol. ir. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/12/folio/ir/images/0 . Accessed 12 November 2025.

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Sahagún, Bernardino de, Antonio Valeriano, Alonso Vegerano, Martín Jacobita, Pedro de San Buenaventura, Diego de Grado, Bonifacio Maximiliano, Mateo Severino, et al. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Florentine Codex). Ms. Mediceo Palatino 218–20, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, MiBACT, 1577. Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/. Accessed 12 November 2025.

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Descriptive keywords (image tags)

Gaillemin, Bérénice, Alanna Radlo-Dzur, Susana Xelhuantzi, Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales, Jesús Alvarado Ortega, Óscar Flores Villela, Kleyton Magno Cantalice, Laura Navarro Noriega, María Teresa Olivera Carrasco, César A. Ríos-Muñoz, Jose Luis Salinas-Gutiérrez, Óscar Sánchez Herrera, David Vázquez Ruiz, and Mary E. Clarke. “Descriptive Keyword Tags for the Images of the Florentine Codex.” Edited by Bérénice Gaillemin. Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa, bk. 12, fol. ir. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/12/folio/ir/images/0 . Accessed 12 November 2025.

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Identification of artist and scribal hands

Gaillemin, Bérénice, Mary E. Clarke, Roxanne Valle, Rebecca Dufendach, Alanna Radlo-Dzur, Jeanette Favrot Peterson, Lisa Sousa, and Kevin Terraciano. “Identification of Scribal and Artist Hands (Tlahcuilohqueh) of the Florentine Codex.” Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa, bk. 12, fol. ir. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/12/folio/ir/images/0 . Accessed 12 November 2025.

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Book 12

Folio

of 185

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Sahagún, Bernardino de, Antonio Valeriano, Alonso Vegerano, Martín Jacobita, Pedro de San Buenaventura, Diego de Grado, Bonifacio Maximiliano, Mateo Severino, et al. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Florentine Codex). Ms. Mediceo Palatino 218–20, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, MiBACT, 1577. Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/. Accessed 12 November 2025.

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Descriptive keywords (image tags)

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Identification of artist and scribal hands

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Cite: Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa, bk. 12, fol. ir. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/12/folio/ir/images/0 . Accessed 12 November 2025.

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Book 12, Folio ir

Tlahcuiloh (Artist or Scribe):

Image Keywords

	Classical Nahuatl	English	Spanish	Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
Names and Events	Malintzin Hernan Cortes caxtiltecatl Tlahcuiloh A	Malintzin Hernan Cortes Spaniard Artist A	Malinche Hernán Cortés español/a Artista A	Malintzin Hernán Cortés caxtiltecatl Tlamachihchiuhquetl A	Malintzin (nci)Malintzin (eng)Malinche (spa)Malintzin (nhe)	Hernan Cortes (nci)Hernan Cortes (eng)Hernán Cortés (spa)Hernán Cortés (nhe)	caxtiltecatl (nci)Spaniard (eng)español/a (spa)caxtiltecatl (nhe)	Tlahcuiloh A (nci)Artist A (eng)Artista A (spa)Tlamachihchiuhquetl A (nhe)
Visual Content and Iconography	Tochtli (tonalli) Acatl (tonalli) ce mahtlactli omeyi calli itzcuintli, chichi atentli cahuallo, mazatl cozamalotl cuahuitl ichcatl ilhuicatl matlequiquiztli mixtli pehpechtli pitzotl temmecayotl tentzontli teoatl, ilhuicaatl tepozcuacalalahtli tilmahtli tlequiquiztlalli tlequiquiztli yacamecayotl zacatl (grass) - - - - - - acalcuachpanitl caxtillan acalli cehualli - cuahuitl nepaniuhtoc - axtlacuilli cueitl toptli, petlacalli tepoztli tetzahuitl tlahcuilolli amatl huipilli Mexihcatl maxtlatl tlahcuiloh - huapalli, huepamitl, huepantli amoxtli	Rabbit (day sign) Reed (day sign) one thirteen house, building dog shore, coastline horse rainbow tree sheep sky harquebus cloud saddle pig rein beard ocean, sea helmet cloak gunpowder firearm bridle grass crosshatching grisaille horizon line ink wash modeling shading boat sail brigantine, caravel shadow morion cross toponymic glyph axtlacuilli (woman hairstyle) skirt chest, reed box metal, metal object omen painting-writing amate paper huipil Mexica loincloth writer-painter landscape beam, plank book	Conejo (signo del día) Caña (signo del día) uno trece casa, edificio perro/a orilla, costa caballo arcoiris árbol oveja cielo arcabuz nube silla de montar cerdo rienda barba océano, mar casco de metal tilma, manta pólvera arma de fuego freno de caballo zacate trama cruzada grisalla línea del horizonte aguada modelado sombreado vela de barco bergantin, carabela sombra morrión cruz glifo toponímico axtlacuilli (peinado de mujer) falda arca, petaca (caja de caña) metal, objeto metálico presagio pintura-escritura papel amate huipil Mexica taparrabo escritor/a-pintor/a paisaje viga, tabla libro	Cuatochin (tlaixnextiltonatiuh) Acatl (tlaixnextiltonatiuh) ce mahtlactli huan eyi calli chichi atenno cahuayoh cuacemalotl cuahuitl ichcatl elhuicatl tepoztli mixtli pehpechtli pitzotl tenmecayotl tentzon hueiatl cuatepoztli tilma polborah tepoztlatopontli cuaxochitl zacatl iloh tlanehpanolli tlamantli ixnezcayotl tlen tenenextic tlamahuazantli orizontal tinta tlen atic modelados motenpahtoc belah acalli cuatzalamitl tzonecahuilli cruztzin nezcayotilcanahya cuelpilli (xihuilli tlen cihuatl) cueitl caxah, apachcalli tepoztli machiyotl tlahcuiloliztli amatl amate cotomitl tlen zan huehueyac Mexica tzinpeztetl tlahcuiloh tlayehyectzin (quen neci zo oncah pan ce canahya) cuaquetzalli, cuatetomitl, huapalli amoxtli	Tochtli (tonalli) (nci)Rabbit (day sign) (eng)Conejo (signo del día) (spa)Cuatochin (tlaixnextiltonatiuh) (nhe)	Acatl (tonalli) (nci)Reed (day sign) (eng)Caña (signo del día) (spa)Acatl (tlaixnextiltonatiuh) (nhe)	ce (nci)one (eng)uno (spa)ce (nhe)	mahtlactli omeyi (nci)thirteen (eng)trece (spa)mahtlactli huan eyi (nhe)	calli (nci)house, building (eng)casa, edificio (spa)calli (nhe)	itzcuintli, chichi (nci)dog (eng)perro/a (spa)chichi (nhe)	atentli (nci)shore, coastline (eng)orilla, costa (spa)atenno (nhe)	cahuallo, mazatl (nci)horse (eng)caballo (spa)cahuayoh (nhe)	cozamalotl (nci)rainbow (eng)arcoiris (spa)cuacemalotl (nhe)	cuahuitl (nci)tree (eng)árbol (spa)cuahuitl (nhe)	ichcatl (nci)sheep (eng)oveja (spa)ichcatl (nhe)	ilhuicatl (nci)sky (eng)cielo (spa)elhuicatl (nhe)	matlequiquiztli (nci)harquebus (eng)arcabuz (spa)tepoztli (nhe)	mixtli (nci)cloud (eng)nube (spa)mixtli (nhe)	pehpechtli (nci)saddle (eng)silla de montar (spa)pehpechtli (nhe)	pitzotl (nci)pig (eng)cerdo (spa)pitzotl (nhe)	temmecayotl (nci)rein (eng)rienda (spa)tenmecayotl (nhe)	tentzontli (nci)beard (eng)barba (spa)tentzon (nhe)	teoatl, ilhuicaatl (nci)ocean, sea (eng)océano, mar (spa)hueiatl (nhe)	tepozcuacalalahtli (nci)helmet (eng)casco de metal (spa)cuatepoztli (nhe)	tilmahtli (nci)cloak (eng)tilma, manta (spa)tilma (nhe)	tlequiquiztlalli (nci)gunpowder (eng)pólvera (spa)polborah (nhe)	tlequiquiztli (nci)firearm (eng)arma de fuego (spa)tepoztlatopontli (nhe)	yacamecayotl (nci)bridle (eng)freno de caballo (spa)cuaxochitl (nhe)	zacatl (grass) (nci)grass (eng)zacate (spa)zacatl (nhe)	- (nci)crosshatching (eng)trama cruzada (spa)iloh tlanehpanolli (nhe)	- (nci)grisaille (eng)grisalla (spa)tlamantli ixnezcayotl tlen tenenextic (nhe)	- (nci)horizon line (eng)línea del horizonte (spa)tlamahuazantli orizontal (nhe)	- (nci)ink wash (eng)aguada (spa)tinta tlen atic (nhe)	- (nci)modeling (eng)modelado (spa)modelados (nhe)	- (nci)shading (eng)sombreado (spa)motenpahtoc (nhe)	acalcuachpanitl (nci)boat sail (eng)vela de barco (spa)belah (nhe)	caxtillan acalli (nci)brigantine, caravel (eng)bergantin, carabela (spa)acalli (nhe)	cehualli (nci)shadow (eng)sombra (spa)cuatzalamitl (nhe)	- (nci)morion (eng)morrión (spa)tzonecahuilli (nhe)	cuahuitl nepaniuhtoc (nci)cross (eng)cruz (spa)cruztzin (nhe)	- (nci)toponymic glyph (eng)glifo toponímico (spa)nezcayotilcanahya (nhe)	axtlacuilli (nci)axtlacuilli (woman hairstyle) (eng)axtlacuilli (peinado de mujer) (spa)cuelpilli (xihuilli tlen cihuatl) (nhe)	cueitl (nci)skirt (eng)falda (spa)cueitl (nhe)	toptli, petlacalli (nci)chest, reed box (eng)arca, petaca (caja de caña) (spa)caxah, apachcalli (nhe)	tepoztli (nci)metal, metal object (eng)metal, objeto metálico (spa)tepoztli (nhe)	tetzahuitl (nci)omen (eng)presagio (spa)machiyotl (nhe)	tlahcuilolli (nci)painting-writing (eng)pintura-escritura (spa)tlahcuiloliztli (nhe)	amatl (nci)amate paper (eng)papel amate (spa)amatl amate (nhe)	huipilli (nci)huipil (eng)huipil (spa)cotomitl tlen zan huehueyac (nhe)	Mexihcatl (nci)Mexica (eng)Mexica (spa)Mexica (nhe)	maxtlatl (nci)loincloth (eng)taparrabo (spa)tzinpeztetl (nhe)	tlahcuiloh (nci)writer-painter (eng)escritor/a-pintor/a (spa)tlahcuiloh (nhe)	- (nci)landscape (eng)paisaje (spa)tlayehyectzin (quen neci zo oncah pan ce canahya) (nhe)	huapalli, huepamitl, huepantli (nci)beam, plank (eng)viga, tabla (spa)cuaquetzalli, cuatetomitl, huapalli (nhe)	amoxtli (nci)book (eng)libro (spa)amoxtli (nhe)

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